{"id":2785,"date":"2026-04-25T03:02:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T03:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/25\/tai-lieu-hoa-hoc-12-chuong-6-dai-cuong-kim-loai\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T03:02:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T03:02:27","slug":"tai-lieu-hoa-hoc-12-chuong-6-dai-cuong-kim-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/25\/tai-lieu-hoa-hoc-12-chuong-6-dai-cuong-kim-loai\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00f4n thi chia s\u1ebb cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i (gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft) ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi do b\u00ean m\u00ecnh s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u01b0 duy nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n theo chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi theo d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 thi m\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m \u00f4n t\u1eadp nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 Pin \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12<\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. Cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra \u00f4n t\u1eadp<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao qu\u00e1t 5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kim lo\u1ea1i (1, 2, ho\u1eb7c 3 e l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng), c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i (m\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i, t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t, l\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb7t kh\u00edt), v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i (l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 e t\u1ef1 do).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t V\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i (t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo, d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1nh kim) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a electron t\u1ef1 do.
So s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (Ag > Cu > Au > Al).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kim lo\u1ea1i trong T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/td>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i (\u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t\/h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, qu\u1eb7ng), c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng (Bauxite, Hematite, Zinc blende, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite).
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i: \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (KL m\u1ea1nh), Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch, Th\u1ee7y luy\u1ec7n (KL trung b\u00ecnh\/y\u1ebfu).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\nKh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim (Gang, Th\u00e9p, Duralumin).
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, d\u1ebbo k\u00e9m h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n\/nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m h\u01a1n).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0102n m\u00f2n Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hai d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: \u0102n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp) v\u00e0 \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (t\u1ea1o pin \u0111i\u1ec7n).
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kim lo\u1ea1i (\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\nQu\u1eb7ng<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al<\/td>\nBauxite<\/td>\nAI2O3.2H2O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zn<\/td>\nZinc blende<\/td>\nZnS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe<\/td>\nHematite<\/td>\nFe2O3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe<\/td>\nPyrite<\/td>\nFeS2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cu<\/td>\nChalcopyrite<\/td>\nCuFeS2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ca<\/td>\nCalcite<\/td>\nCaCO3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n
\"T\u00e0i<\/figure>\n

<\/span>T\u1ea3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i<\/span><\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u00e9<\/p>\n

<\/span>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t 2026<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2026 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u1ecdc h\u00f3a 12 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea2I T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 12 CH\u01af\u01a0NG 6 \u2013 B\u1ea2N 2026 (\u0110\u1ec0 V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2025<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2025 nh\u00e9, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn theo khung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea2I B\u1ea2N 2025 \u2013 \u0110\u1ec0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea2I B\u1ea2N 2025 \u2013 \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eed ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 2025<\/p>\n

\"T\u00e0i<\/figure>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, g\u00f3p \u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i, khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh qua Fanpage H\u1eacU H\u1eccC T\u1eacP<\/a> ho\u1eb7c T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U \u00d4N THI<\/a> nh\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00f4n thi chia s\u1ebb cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng kim lo\u1ea1i (gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft) ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi do b\u00ean m\u00ecnh s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-hoa-hoc-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2785\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/77.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}